Shaving machine



, Patented May 7, 1946 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SHAVING MACHINE JohnT. Scully, Lawrence, N. Y.

Application July 29, 1941, Serial No. 404,536

23 Claims.

This invention relates to shaving machines of the kind usually employedto cut hair without the use of shaving preparations, such machines beingcommonly referred to as dry shavers.

The invention relates more particularly to shaving machines employingco-operating shearing members and the subject matter of the invention isrelated to the matter of my co-pending application issued as Patent No.2,286,443, June 16, 1942.

A principal object of the invention is to provide a shaving machine ofgenerally improved efficiency, the parts of which are easily, cheaply,and accurately manufactured. V

A further principal object is to provide a shaving machine havingimproved means for receiving and cutting both long and short hairs.

Another principal object is to provide a generally improved outer shearmember.

An important object is to provide improved means for seating andsupporting the outer shear member on the casing or handle of themachine.

A further object is to provide an outer shear member capable of beinghandled by the user with minimum risk of danger to the member duringdisplacement and replacement on the casinghandle for cleaning and otherpurposes.

A further object is to provide an improved outer shear member having acurved skin-engaging portion in which the hair-receiving openings andthe shearing edges are relatively close to the longitudinal ends of thecurved skin-engaging portions.

A further object is to provide an arcuate outer shear member havingimproved means for disturbing and guiding long hairs into openings.

A further object is to provide an outer shear member having improvedmeans for disturbing short hairs and increasing the opportunity forshort hairs to enter openings.

A further object is to provide an outer shear member having means on itsinner side to conduct heat from the cutter-engaging portion and in whichthe conducting means are provided with increased heat-radiating surface.

A further object is to provide a re-enforced outer shear member easilyflexed to arcuate form in manufacture.

A further object is to provide in the outer surface of the skin-engagingportion of an outer shear member a series 01' channels through thebottoms of each of which a plurality of closely spaced hair-receivingopenings are provided and in which the channels are spaced byskin-engaging bars.

A further object is to provide'a movable inner cutter member with meansfor supporting oppositely disposed projecting blade portions.

A further object is to provide an inner cutter member with flexiblecutting end portions held under tension by the co-operating outer shearmember.

A further object is to provide a skin-engaging outer shear member havinghair-receiving openings in an arcuately curved portion and improvedmeans for combing and guiding hair into the openings.

A further object is to provide a skin-engaging outer shear member havingan arcuate hair-receiving zone and projecting comb teeth at a leadingside that is easily and simply manufactured as well as eflicient inreceiving hair.

A still further object is to prdvide in an outer shear member having anarcuate hair-receiving zone a longitudinal series of elongatedhair-receiving openings. and comb bars, and projecting hair-engagingends intermediate the ends of the comb bars.

Other objects will hereinafter be apparent from consideration of thedescription taken in connection with the attached drawing.

The invention resides substantially in the construction, combination,arrangement and relative location of parts as will be described inconnection with the drawing.

I wish it to be understood that any or all of the parts may be made ofany suitable material or materials and that some or all of the parts orportions of the parts may be made of a metal such as steel, or othermetals, or an alloy or alloys thereof; that some or all of the parts, orportions thereof may be formed of metal having any desirable andsuitable composition ofingredients and that such metal may bemechanically worked and/or heat treated and cooled according to the bestpractice in the art at any time prevailing; that some of the parts, orportions thereof, may be made of rigid or flexible metal; and that suchmaterial or metal may be provided with such qualities and degrees ofhardness, ductility, strength and corrosion resistance as may be deemedbest suited and practicable.

In the embodiment shown for illustration the outer shear member isprovided with an arcuate portion, to engage -the skin, and in thearcuate portion are hair-receiving openings and shearing edges, and theco-operating inner cutter member is provided with cutting edges whichco-operate with the shearing edges in the outer shear member to cuthair. The inner cutter member as herein shown is a reciprocatory memberwhich is moved back and forth in the direction of its axis, and whilethis is in the present invention the preferred path of cutter travel andpreferred manner of cutter movement, it will be apparent from thedescription that certain features of the invention, more particularly inthe outer shear member, are adaptable for use with an inner cuttermember which is moved continuously in one direction, for example arotary cutter member, or with an inner cutter member which is rocked oroscillated, examples of whichhave been shown in the above referred topatent.

Referring to the drawing:

Figure 1 is a side elevation partly broken away and with parts insection of the invention.

Figure 2 is a vertical section taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Figure 3 is an end view of Fig. 1.

Figure 4 is a top plan view of the shearin head of Fig. 1.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary view of the outer shear. member showing inenlarged form a portion of the hair-receiving zone of Figures 1 and 4.

Figure 6 is a side elevation of a cutting bar or blade element of theinner cutter member.

Figure 7 is a fragmentary plan view of a modification in the outer shearmember as shown in Figs. 1-4 and in which a portion of the modifiedhair-receiving zone is shown enlarged.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary plan view of a further modification in thehair-receiving zone of the outer shear member and in which a portion ofthe zone is shown enlarged.

Figure 9 is an enlarged fragmentary view in section of a modification inthe contour of the outer side, or skin-engaging side, of the outer shearmember.

Figure 10 is a view in perspective of a modified means for guiding thereciprocatory movement of the inner cutter member.

Figure 11 is a side elevation of a modified form of cutting bar or bladeelement in the inner cutter member.

Figure 12 is a fragmentary view in cross-section showing a furthermodification in the cutting means of the inner cutter member.

Figure 12 is a fragmentary view in cross-section showing a still furthermodification in the cutting means of the inner cutter member and moreparticularly a modification of the cutting mean shown in Fig. 12.

Referring again to the drawing and particularly to Figures 1-6inclusive, the reference character M denotes the upper portion of acasing, usually made of molded material such as Bakelite or othersimilar material, and which is the basic support for the shearing orcutting head, is the housing for the electric means of actuating theinner cutter member and, also serves the purpose of a handle for thedevice, such combined handle and housing being well known in the art.Removably supported on this casing is an outer shear member generallydenoted by the reference numera1 I, and which includes a middle portion2 which is relatively thin and of arcuate form and from oppositelongitudinal sides of which depend relatively thick, rigid orsubstantially so, side portions 3 extending in straight and spacedplanes, and which straight side portions are connected and braced torigid transverse members 4 at opposite ends, or marginal ends, of thehood-like structure. On the inner side of the arcuate middle portion.and preferably, though not necessarily, integral with the arcuateportion are curved re-enforcing ribs or projections 5 extendingtransversely and which are suitably spaced longitudinally on the innerside of the member to provide a series of transverse internal channels 6paralleling the planes of the ribs. The ribs may be formed by milling orplaning out the channels in normally curved or fiat material, and, asshown here, are preferably formed as the result of a rolling operationfrom flat, thin steel, or an alloy of steel, and with the further resultthat the ribs and channels extend from the arcuate portion in oppositedirections on the inner sides the straight side portions 3. In someinstances the straight side portions may be strengthened, orv the planesof their inner sides made flat or smooth for com fortable handling or tofacilitate cleaning by securing a plate, slotted or channelled toreceive the projecting rib portions, by soldering or bolting, or anyother suitable means, to the inner side of each of the straight sideportions. The

' ribs strengthen the arcuate portion against inward flexing ordistortion generally and are spaced close together enough to prevent orsubstantially prevent, localized flexing or distortion from ordinaryskin or inner cutter pressure, and preferably, although not necessarily,the arcuate longitudinal sides of the rib are widened adjacent the innersurface of the thin arcuate portion. This result can be accomplished bybevelling the ends of the rolls or the ends of milling cutters. The ribsat opposite longitudinal ends of the member may be wider than theintermediate ribs, but preferably they are of the same, or substantiallythe same, width and height. Formed in each bridging channel wall I are aplurality of longitudinally and transversely spaced hair-receivingopenings 8 provided in panels spaced by transverse webs of solidmaterial radially outwardly of the planes of the ribs. Thesehair-receiving openings are large enough to accommodate a hair and aresmall, of uniform size and closely grouped in each panel. As shown herethe hair-receiving openings in each panel are aligned in transverse andlongitudinal rows, the area of hair-receiving zone being deemedsufficient together with the closeness of the rows to each other toprovide adequate coverage on the skin by each panel during manipulationof the head on the skin by the average user. However, the openings ineach panel can, if desired, be arranged so that the openings inalternate row are in longitudinally spaced planes relative to the otherrows. The perforated channel walls 1 are extremely thin incross-sectional thicknes in their shear-cutting portions and in someinstances the ribs-are provided with means to increase the radiation ofheat conducted by the ribs from the panels, heat generated by theengagement of the inner cutter member with the inner surface of thepanels, means such as serrations in the form of cross-slots, no notches,which increase the area of surface of the ribs. In some instances theheight of the ribs from the inner surface of the perforated portions ofthe panels is of graduated height lengthwise of the ribs, and may withadvantage progressively increase in height in opposite directionsoutwardly from the region of their middle portion, being thinnest in thecentral region of the arcuate portion. The hairreceiving openings mayhave any suitable shape and relative dimensions known in the art, forexample they may be in the form of circles or circular holes. As hereinshown the hair-rehair.

ceiving opening denoted by the reference numeral 8 are in the form ofwhat I refer to as modified square openings, each being defined by foursides ofequal length, o substantially equal length, of metal, oppositeshearing sides of which are indicated by the reference numeral 9, andwhich four sides of metal join with each other, short of what wouldotherwise be rectangular corners, at obtuse angles, being joined byrelatively very short portions or sides I!) diagonally joining the endsof the longer sides, andpreferably, although not necessarily, the endsof the relatively long sides and the ends of the relatively short sidemerge with each other on a curve. These modified square hair-receivingopenings are defined at their innerends by edges at the inner side ofthe arcuate portion, and these edges are adapted to co-operate with anedge or edges on an inner cutter member to cut hair, and the openingsare longitudinally spaced by transverse shear bars I l, and aretransversely spaced lby longitudinal bar which are referred to asconnecting bars l2. As will be apparent the shear bars are portions oftransversely extending webs of metal, while the connecting bars areportions of longitudinally extending webs of on opposite sides thereofare formed longitudinally spaced transverse hair-receiving openings inthe form of slots {3 which are elongated and 'widenthan the modifiedsquare openings, and are adapted to receive long hair as well as shortThe elongated slots extend from the thin arcuate portion into therelatively thick side portionsv and are preferably bevelled at theirlower ends as indicated at H. The upper portions l5 of the slots arearcuate and are defined at their inner sides by shearin edges. The combbars longitudinally spaced by elongated slots are provided with groovesl6 deep and wide enough to receive the cross-sectional thickness of a-hair,

and on opposite sides of and at the outer ends of the grooves the combbars are provided with hair-guiding and deflecting edges I1 and H whichare sufliciently blunt to provide only a mild scraping effect on theuser skin, and which are located intermediate the ends of the comb bars.The upper ends of the straight portions of the comb bars terminate inpreferably upwardly rounded shoulders l9 which project outwardly of theouter surface of the arcuate middle portion and project high enoughrelatively thereto to preferably prevent the users skin from beingbulged into the arcuate portions of the elongated slots. At oppositelongitudinal ends of the hollow portion formed by the hoodlike structureof the outer shear member the transverse members 4, which hold therelatively thick side portions permanently in fixed planes serve also asend walls of the member being curved at their upper ends to parallel, orto substantially-parallel, on a shorter radius, the plane of the arcuatemiddle portion.

The transverse portions 4 which serve as the end walls are secured tothe relatively thick straight side portions 3 preferably permanently,the various parts or portions constituting one complete unit. Anysuitable means may be employed to unite or connect the opposite straightside portions, and for this purpose the transverse end portions areprovided with substantially oppositely disposed rigid or relativelyrigid arms 20 which can be inte al with the transverse member orpreferably made of separate and different material. The arms haveprojecting rigid or relatively rigid portions 2| which extendlongitudinally against the relatively thick straight side portions 3,and are fixedly clamped to the transverse and portions and on the innersides thereof by any suitable means such as bolts, or, more preferably,by rivets 22. The projecting portions 2| of the arms are similarlyfixedly secured against the external sides of the relatively thickstraight side portions by'suitable means such as solder, bolts, or, morepreferably by rivets 23. Preferably, also, the arms are against thelongitudinal ends of the side portions, 3. The outer shear member isdemountably supported as a unit by the casing handle M which is providedwith longitudinal ledges 24 on opposite sides of the casing and whichledges are open at their opposite; end as well as at their outer sides.These ledges are preferably of the same lengths as the lengths of thebottoms of the straight side portions of theouter shear member tofacilitate accurate "seating of the latter and being open at their-outersides and ends can readily and thoroughly bewiped clear of dust, cuthair, or any substance which wardly of these ledges and provided on thecasing and extending longitudinally on opposite sides thereofparalleling the planes of'the inner sides of the straight side portionsof the outer shear member are walls 25 preferably having plane surfacesagainst which the inner sides of the side portions of the outer shearmember snugly fit securing the outer member against lateral translatorymovement. These wallsiextend preferably the full length of the ledges sothat their longitudinal ends engage or are flush with the arm portions20 ofthe transverse end walls, and at their upper marginal end portionsare inclined as by bevelling from their lower end portions and with theedges rounded off, inclined toward their upper ends in a direction awayfrom the planes of the inner sides of the arm portions of the transverseend walls, and in their longitudinal end portions in the region oppositethe rivet 22 are suitably shortened or recessed to provide adequateclearance for the ends of the rivets. The engagement or flush fit of theouter shear member with the ends of the side walls of the casingprovides a snug fit which preferably fixes the outer shear memberagainst longitudinal movement. In some instances the fit of the outershear member to the casing may be a forced fit, and, also, the sides 25of the casing walls and the end portions confronting or abutting the armportions 20 may be faced with hard metal. At their inner sides at theirbottoms, for example at the free ends of the ribs, the straight sideportions of the outer shear member are bevelled or rounded off toprevent damage, such as burring, to the side wall '25 during mounting ordemounting, and, to facilitate cleaning, the ledges and side wallspreferably meet at an obtuse angle or are joined by a rounded surface.At the longitudinal ends of the casing head portion and as will be clearon are between the planes of the longitudinal ledges 24 to provide theopen ends of the latter and are below the transverse end walls of theouter shear member, and are preferably spaced below the transverse endwalls of the member. It will be clear that the transverse end walls maybe adapted to be seated on these ledges, but I prefer to space themtherefrom not only to reduce the amount of surface which should begenerally kept clean, but, also, to provide entrances for a forcing toolsuch as a lever. To further hold the outer member to the casing and inoperative position thereon, screws 26 are preferably provided inremovable engagement with the relatively thick side portion of the outershear member and with opposite sides of the casing. It will be apparentthat in order to eliminate the risk of dropping and damaging the outershear member as a result of its removal or displacement from itsoperative position on the casing handle for cleaning o any otherpurpose, I may substitute for the screw or screws on one side othermeans of joining the outer shear member removably or displaceably to thecasing: For example, in one embodiment I provide a movable joint orjoints on one longitudinal side by connecting theouter member on one ofits relatively thick side portions to one longitudinal side of thecasing by means of a hinge or'a pair of hinges longitudinally spaced,and on which the outer member may be swung into or out of operativeposition; the removable screw or screws on the opposite side serving tolock or unlock the outer member. The hinge or hinges are preferablysecured to the relatively thick straight side portion of the outer shearmember by any suitable means such as screws, but preferably by rivets,the securing means preferably engaging the side portion between theplanes of the ribs and the hinge or hinges may be connected to anysuitable portions of the side of the outer member, for example, they maybe connected to that portion of the member lying in a plane between theplanes of the projecting portions 2| of the arms 20 or they may beconnected to these projecting portions. To the casing the hinges may besecured by any suitable means and are preferably secured thereto byrelatively long screw bolts received in holes, the inner ends of whichconnect with recesses in which are fitted nuts held against turning bythe side walls of the recesses on the casing. Split washers, twisted andof resilient metal, are provided in the recesses with the nuts at theinner ends of the bolt holes. By these means the hinge or hinges areremovable from the casing for renewal of an outer shea memberandsecurely hold the hinges to the casing, the turning of the screwbolts in the nut forcing the nuts toward the inner ends of the boltholes with the washer under tension, so that risk of the bolts becomingloosened by vibration is minimized. Preferably, the width of the ledge24 is such that their outer side longitudinal ends are flush with theouter longitudinal ends of the bottoms of the straight side portions ofthe outer shear member and on the hinged side the surface of themarginal portion of the casing immediately below the outer longitudinalside end of the ledge on the hinged side is flat and extends in a planecontinuous with, or approximately so, the plane of the outer surface ofthe straight side portion of the outer shear member.

The co-operating movable inner cutter member which is designatedgenerally by the reference numeral 21 is an elongated member provided onits upper portion with longitudinally spaced, transversely extendingcutter bars 28 and transverse hair-receiving and rib-receiving slots 29.The projecting cutter bars have fiat sides and their upper ends arearcuate, conforming in curvature to the inner surface of the arcuateportion of the outer shear member, and, transversely of their curvaturethe upper ends of the cutter bars are provided with flat surfacesadapted to travel against the inner surface of the arcuate portion ofthe outer shear member. At opposed sides of the flat surfaces arecutting edges formed by the meeting of the fiat urfaces with the flatsides, which cutting edges are adapted to co-operate with the shearingedges in the outer member to cut hair, and at opposite longitudinal endsof the inner member are provided projecting portions 30 opposite sidesof each of which have flat guiding surfaces 3| which serve to guide themovements of the member in the fixed guide bearings 32 which in thisinstance are provided in the end walls or transverse portion of theouter shear member, but which may be provided in the casing if desired.The inner cutter member is urged against the inner surface of thearcuate portion of the outer shear member with the transversely fiatsurface of the arcuate upper ends of the cutter bars in slidableengagement with the inner surface of the arcuate portion of the outershear member, and may be so urged by any suitable means known in theart, for example by compression springs 33 and plungers 34 in wells 35,the inner cutting member resting at its opposite marginal ends on thefree ends of the plungers. The inner cutter is axially reciprocated bymeans well known in the art by an electrically actuated bar or lever35a, which is usually oscillatable and operated by the motor which isnot shown. The hair-receiving slot 29 in the inner cutter member whichspace the cutter bars are, as will be noted, considerably wider,preferably very considerably wider, than the width of the ribs in theouter member; likewise, the cutter bars of the inner member areconsiderably narrower than the channels 6 of the outer shear member;ample room is thereby provided for the eciprocatory movements of theinner member. In axially reciprocated cutters overthrow is common, andto prevent the'cutter bars from striking the ribs a a result ofoverthrow means are provided to limit the travel of the cutter oppositethe longitudinal ends thereof; the transverse end wall portions 4 of theouter shear member are adapted for this purpose, the uppe portionthereof co-operating with marginal end portions on the cutter whichproject longitudinally of each of the end cutter bars, and, to minimizenoise and shock, there is provided on the confronting face of theseco-operating portions, for example on the cutter, suitable cushioningmeans which are compressible and of a relatively soft material which isresilient to a suitable degree and in the general form of washers 36.During the reciprocatory movements of the cutter its cutting edgescooperate with the shearing edges on the outer member at the inner endsof the modified square openings 8 of the outer shear member to cut thehair which is received in the openings as the cutter travels back andforth with the transversely flat surfaces of the arcuate ends of thecutter bars against the inner surface of the arcuate portion of theouter shear member. The longitudinally spaced arcuate cutter bars engageonly the ar- 'cuate portion of the outer shear member, and

the transversely extending cutting edges on the cutter bars cooperatewith the shearing edges of the outer member at the inner sides of thesmall perforations and with the shearing edges at the inner sides of theupper ends of the arcuate portions of the elongated slots; below thecutting edges the inner cutter is narrowed inwardly and downwardly, asshown, to provide, together with the outwardly and downwardly divergingstraight side portions of the outer shear member, opportunity forrelatively long hair to enter the straight portions of the elongatedslots of the outer member in a more or less erect position withouthindrance by the inner cutter; the straight ends of the cutter bars atthe sides of the cutter are inclined to the straight portions of thecomb bars of the outer shear member at an angle wide enough to prevent ahair being caught and pulled between their respective outer Q0 and innersurfaces, and merge at their upper ends with the arcuate surfaces of thecutting bars at preferably sharp comers.

In a preferred embodiment the outer shear member is constructed frommetal sheet or narrow band which on one side has been channelled toprovide the spaced ribs, as by milling or rolling, but preferably byrolling, and the perforating, tempering and lapping operations areperformed while the metal is in a flat plane. The metal is flexible.middle portion of the ribs from the bottoms of the channels is reducedby milling or grinding. 0n the opposite side of the sheet or band andlaterally of a transversely extending middle portion of suitable width,there are secured on the portions t'l' generally rectangular plates 38of any suitable rigid or. relatively rigid material fitting flush atthree ends with three ends of the sheet or band. The plates arepreferably of metal and are soldered, or otherwise secured as by rivetsto the position 31 serving to stiffen the portions of the band or sheetto which they are joined. At one marginal end of each plate comb barshave been formed by slotting and transversely thereof grooves have beenformed and in securing the plates with the aforesaid ends flush, theslots of the plates are in registration with elongated slots in the bandor sheet and provide the hair-receiving slots i3 heretofore described.Between the projecting shoulders N of the stiffening plates thethickness of the middle portion of the band or sheet is reduced bygrinding to provide a shearing zone, or zones, in which the metal is ofextreme thinness; this operation results in the formation of shoulders39 which are substantially continuous with the shoulders l9, and may becon sidered as such, and decreasing the thickness of the middle portionrelative to the side portions 3?. The rigid arms are secured, the rigidpro- Jecting portions 2| being riveted and the opposite ends being free.The member is then bent on a form having a cylindrical surface on thesame length of radius as the arcuate upper end of the cutter bars of theinner cutter member, and having channels adapted to receive the ribs,and which also has fiat side surfaces, also channelled to receive theintermediate ribs, the opposite ends of the form having recessedportions to receive the end ribs and projecting portions to guide thearms 20 and prevent relative longitudinal movement between therelatively rigid and thick side In some instances the. height of the themiddleportion ilexed to and fixed in arcuate form and permanently undertension. The unit is easily handled for seating and unseating pur- Does-and is protected against being distorteq he metal in ciently firm andbeing relatively close together longitudinally relieve the metalbridging thereto from any relatively wide area of skin pressure, and theshear edges at the sides of the individual openings are suflicientlyfirm asnot to be distorted in the direction of movement of the cutterduring the shear-cutting actions.

, The inner cutter 21 may be made in any suitable manner known in theart. As shown herein the cutter bars 28 and their arcuate upper ends andflat surfaces are provided on metal cutting elements 40 having flatbodies 4|. At their ends opposite the opposed cutting edges 42 on eachelement, they are provided with flat bottoms 43 on which the cutterrests when it is removed from its operating position for cleaning orother nonoperating purposes, and, extending vertically, flat endedopposite portions 44, preferably parallel, are provided to faciltate theassembly of the parts and their accurate alignments and to provide poretions by which the parts may be conveniently held while being secured atopposite longitudinal ends of the assembly. At the upper ends of theseportions 44, and diverging therefrom upwardly in the direction of thecutting ends of the elements are fiat ended portions 45 which merge withthe opposite' ends 45 of the arcuate upper ends on obtuse angles. Holes41 having slots 48 are provided in the flat bodies of the elements toreceive a shaft 49 having a longitudinal key 5|. The shaft may be of anysuitable shape in cross-section and may be solid or hollow, for example,tubular. The cutting elements are longitudinally spaced, and preferablylaterally supported, by spacing elements 5! which preferably have thesamegeneral shape as the cutting elements and terminate a suitabledistance below the cutting edges of the cutting elements to provide thehair-receiving slots in the cutter member of uniform depth, or

substantially uniform depth, and, as will be clear,

the depth of these hair-receiving slots is fixed by the distance whichthe cutter bar portions project from the upper ends of the spacingelements, and

v the distance which the cutter bar portions project portions. The freeend portions of the arms are I then riveted to the rigid transversemember 4 completing the outer shear member as a unit with is usually,although not necessarily, determined by the thickness of the projectingportions, this y distance usually being for instances where theprojecting portions are of uniform, or substantially uniform, thicknessin cross-section for the major part of their height, not greater thanfive times their thickness and preferably not greater than four timesthe thickness of these portions for the purpose of providing projectingcutting portions which are relatively rigid against lateral distortionduring the shear-cutting actions. It will be clear, then, that theprojecting cutter bar portions may be extremely thin to provide aminimum of. friction and a, maximum relative width of slot. At oppositelongitudinal ends of the outter assembly to preshorten its length theend spacing elements rare usually of narrower width than theintermediate spacing elements," and the cutting and spacing elements are.usually held in 4 provided to limit cutter throw and noise.

assembled formation by end elements as shown.

Between the outer faces of the end spacingelements and the inner facesof the end elements cushioning material in the form of washers are Thecushioning material is relatively soft and elastic, and may be of fibreor rubber, portions of which are compressed against the end spacingelements by the end elements.

In Figure 7 there is shown a modification of the outer shear member andin which the member IA has an arcuate middle portion 2A which isprovided with a plurality of longitudinally and transversely spacedshort narrow hair-receiving slots instead of the modified squarehair-receiving openings, being in other respects the same as the outershear member I. These short narrow slots 53 extend lengthwise in thegeneral direction of the ribs and are longitudinally spaced bytransverse shear bars 54 on the inner sides of which are shear edges 55.The short slots are arranged in groups and the groups are longitudinallyspaced by transverse webs 56 radially outwardly of and overhanging theplanes of the ribs, and in each group the slots are transversely spacedby longitudinal webs 51 which connect with the shear bars and also thetransverse webs.

In Figure 8 there is illustrated another modification of the outer shearmember and in which the member IB has an arcuate middle portion 23 whichis provided with a plurality of longitudinally spaced and transverselyspaced small hair-receiving openings 58 which are closely grouped intransverse panels longitudinally spaced by transverse webs 59 radiallyoutwardly of and overhanging the planes of the ribs. The openings are inthe shape of circular holes, a shape well known in the art, instead ofthe modified'square hairreceiving openings, and the openings in eachpanel are arranged so that the openings in transversely alternate rowsare longitudinally spaced from the openings in the intervening rows.Circular edges define the openings at their inner ends. In otherrespects the outer shear member 13 is the same as the outer shear memberi.

The arrangement of the small hair-receivings of the modification shownin Fig. 8 may be applied if desired to the grouping of the short slatsshown in Fig. 7 or to the grouping of the modified square hair-receivingopenings shown in Figures 1 and 4. To increase the opportunity for shorthair to enter the small perforations, particularly short hair inclinedto the direction in which the user may move the device, the outerskin-engaging surface of the outer shear member may'be roughened in thearea of the small perforations.

As illustrated in Figure 9 this rough'ening of the skin-engaging outerside is made by forming, as by cutting, in the outer member IC and inits arcuate middle portion 2C preferably before it is bent to arcuateform, a plurality of narrow channels 60 which in a broad sense areformed by reducing the thickness of the shear bars with edges of whichthe cutter edges co-operate to cut hair and reducing the thickness ofthe bars relative to the thickness of the connecting bars. As shown herethese channels extend longitudinally on the arcuate middle portioncontinuousl rom one longitudinal marginal end of the arcuate portion tothe opposite longitudinal marginal end. The channels are transverselyspaced by the connecting bars. The shear bars 6i are preferablysuperlatively thin in cross-section andthe connecting bars 62 areextremely thin in cross-section. From the planes of the outer surfaces53 of tho shear bars the distance to the planes of the outer surfaces 84of the connecting bars is very short, but is great enough to provideprojections suitable to disturb a hair or hairs from their normalpositions; and to facilitate the disturbing of hair the projectingconnecting bars are provided, by the manner in which the channels areformed, with edges 65 which are preferably substantially sharp, theextreme shallowness of the channels will prevent the edges of the barsfrom cutting or scratching the skin of the user when the outer shearmember is moved on the skin of the user in the preferred directions,which are transverse to the longitudinal axes of the channels and bars,the outer surface of the member serving as a guard for the successiveedges of the bars, in a somewhat similar manner as does the guard inthe'commonly known safety razor for the extremely and acutely sharp edgeof the razor blade used in the common safety razor; in some instancesthe narrowness of the channels will serve to protect the skin; and inits arcuate form the curvature of the outer surface will increase theeffectiveness of the outer surface as a guard. These edges extendlongitudinally for the lengths of the channels together with theconnecting bars providing longitudinally extending projecting webs ofmetal whose projecting portions are spaced transversely by the channels,and these webs connect with or bridge to the longitudinally spacedtransverse webs radially outwardly of the ribs 5 on the inner orcutter-engaging side 66 of the arcuate portion. The corners 61 where theouter sides of the shear bars join or merge with the projectingconnecting bars may have any convenient shape. The projecting webs serveto engage the free ends of inclined hairs, or the side of hairs, and totauten the skin tending to erect the hairs, being most effective inaccomplishing these results when the free ends of the hairs lie in adirection opposed to or angular to the direction of movement of thedevice. In other respects the outer shear member IC is the same as theouter member I and the modification shown in Fig. 9 is a sectional viewof the modification as applied to the member I and taken along the planeof the line 9-9 of Figure 5. The construction as shown in Fig. 9 andwith slots instead of the modified square hair-receiving openings can,of course, be applied to the structure shown in Fig. 7 and can be easilyunderstood by viewing Fig. 9 as a sectional view of that modifiedstructure on the plane of the line 99. The structure shown in Fig. 8 maybe modified also in a similar manner. It will be noted that superlativethinness in cross-section of the shear bars Y may be attained to adegree suflicient to prevent lateral distortion of the shear bars andthat this degree of thinness may be barely sufficient to prevent suchpermanent distortion, irrespective of the relationship between thewidths and the lengths of the shear bars, and that the width of theshear bars may be so proportioned to their length that wear may destroythe shear bars in commercial use without risk of injury to the user, theconnecting bars or webs preventing damage to the skin by the cuttingduring the destruction.

In Figure 10 there is shown a modified form of guide bearing for theinner cutter member and in which fiat bodied, generally U-shapedelements 68 are positioned longitudinally spaced. Spaced projecting armportions have inner side faces 10 confronting a hollow portion adaptedto or the inner cutter. These guide bearings are preferably accuratelypositioned on the casinghandle and removably secured thereto by screwsentering the holes H which are aligned with screw-receiving holes in thecasing, the guide bearings thereby renewable with the inner cuttermember and more particularly with the end elements of the inner cutterassembly. Such guide bearings may be used instead of, or, supplementaryto, the guide hearings in the transverse end wall or member.

In Figure 11 there is shown a modified form of inner cutter bar, and inwhich flat bodied element 12 of relatively thin cross-sectionalthickness and having in appearance the same general outline of theelements previously described have had portions of metal removedproviding holes transversely between oppositely disposed end barportions I3 and a centrally disposed bar portion 14; the bars supportand at their upper ends merge with arcuate rim-like portions on oppositewill be understood that the cutter elements may be joined together as aunit by solder or other sides of which are arcuate cutting edges 15merging with the ends of the bars and extending from end to end of thecutting element. The holes serve in the manufacture of the elements tofacilitate cutting opposite inclined sides 16 of the rimlike portions soas to provide these portions with sharp cutting edges formed by themeeting at relatively small acute angles of the oppositely inclinedsides 16 with the lateral ends of. the upper face of the elements;opposite sides of the marginal upper ends of the bars may be hollowground to provide sharp portions of the cutting edges if desired.The-elements are assembled in the same manner and relation as haspreviously been described to provide the inner cutter memin which thecutter bars are provided in the form of cutting elements 'll and 18which are positioned side toside or back to back and held in suchrelation by the spacing elements. On laterally and oppositely projectingportions of the respective elements are provided arcuately extendingcutting edges 19 and 80 which are formed at the meeting of thetransverse ends of the flat outer or upper ends 8| with the acutely andoppositely inclined sides 82 and 83 of the laterally projecting portionsof the respective elements. The acutely inclined sides are inclined tothe outer surface ii at a relatively small acute angle and the distanceof lateral projection of these portions is very short. As a result thecutting edges are very sharp and firm. By substituting such pairs ofelements for the individual elements previously described the cuttermember is constructed, guided and reciprocated as previously described,and, usually, in this modified form the ends of the cutting edgespreferably terminate in rounded corners.

In Figure 13, a further modification in construction of the inner cuttermember is shown and in which the cutter bars are of flexible materialand generally Y-shaped in cross-section, and usually formed bypositioning side to side, or back to back a pair of elements havingoutwardly projecting marginal end portions, themarginal end portionsforming an arcuate groove a. At the outer arcuate sides of the cutterelements are acute cutter edges 84 and 8B and at the inner sides arecutter edges 85 and 81 which are sharp, having grooves, as shown, as theresult of grinding, preferably hollow grinding, the inner sides of themarginal end portions. The elements are means before positioning on theshaft. In this assembly the spacing elements are provided with shoulders9| and 82 which support themarginal ends of the cutter bars or blades ontheir outer sides and act to limit the flexing of the cutter bars in thedirection of the axis of the cutter. At the upper ends of the spacingelements arcuately extending recesses 93 and 84 are provided to receivehair, with a minimum tendency to bend long hair. Between the edges 84and 85 and 86 and 81 of the respective members, the end surfaces areflat and, of course, extend arcuately; at their ends the edges arepreferably rounded rather than pointed; and the projecting portions ofthe elements as viewed from the top looking down in the groovepreferably flare outwardly at their ends to the cutting edges or to theregion of the cutting edges so that the length of the projecting or bentportions is greater at the top than at the bottom or the groove. Tofacilitate sharpening the elements, more particularly grinding andlapping their ends which travel against the inner surface of the outershear member any suitable means may be employed, but preferably, anarcuate bar wedge shapedin section to conform to the groove a isconnected at each end to corresponding ends of another bar seated in thegroove 90 by coil springs under tension which cause the arcuate bar inthe groove a to force the marginal ends of the cutter elements againstthe shoulders of the spacing elements, that is the groove 0, is

widened and the marginal ends are under tension. After sharpening thebars and springs are removed and the marginal ends spring towards tionduring operation and wear by the springs 33 urging the cutter as a wholein the direction of the outer member, as previously described; or insome instances the inner cutter may be supported in fixed bearings andthe springs 33 dispensed with and intimate contact between theco-operating shear cutting members be effected by the inherentresilience of the cutter elements of the zone relatively weak suitableprovision is made for -the cutter edges to pass the edges of the outermember during operation, for example by inclining the-cutter edges inthe direction of cutter movement, or by curving the edges, or suitableportions thereof, of the outer member, and I wish it to be furtherunderstoodthat in commercial practice changes in arrangement andustruc-,

tion and proportions of parts may be made without departing from thespirit and scope of the invention.

Therefore, what I claim is:

1. A shaving machine including a casinghandle. an outer shear membersupported on the casing-handle and haying an extremely thin portionflexed to arcuate form, spaced ribs projecting rearwardly from the innerface of said member and reinforcing the arcuate portion on its innerside, panels of small hair-receiving openings of relatively narrow widthprovided in the arcuate portion between the planes of the ribs,relatively thick and rigid straight side portions depending fromopposite longitudinal sides of the arcuate portion, relatively wideelongated hair-receiving openings longitudinally spaced at the uppermarginal ends of the relatively thick portions and registering withportions of elongated hair-receiving openings extending from the thinarcuate portion of the member, projecting comb teeth provided on barsspacing the elongated openings of the relatively thick side portions,said comb teeth projecting outwardly of the plane of the upper ends ofsaid bars, and a co-operating inner cutter provided with edges toco-operate with edges at the inner ends of the relatively small and therelatively large hair-receiving openings, and means to actuate the innercutter.

2. A shaving machine as claimed in claim 1, and with said straight sideportions depending in planes diverging downwardly, and projectinghair-engaging ends provided on the comb teeth below the uppermost endsof said teeth.

3. In a dry shaving head, the combination of an outer member having acurved shearing portion of relatively thin material and straight sideportions tangential thereto and of relatively thick material, shearingelements in said outer member at the inner sides of spaced relativelysmall perforations in said shearing portion thereof, com! bined combingand shearing bars spaced in said outer member by slots extending fromsaid relatively thin curved shearing portion into said relatively thickand tangential portions thereof, said slots being individually ofgreater width than the individual width of said perforations, an innermovable member having a curved shearing portion engaging only saidshearing portion of said outer member, and shearing elements in saidinner movable member spaced by slots extending transversely of saidshearing portion thereof and disposed beneath said perforations and thecurved portions of said slots of said outer member.

4. In a dry shaving head, the combination of an outer member having acurved shearing portion of relatively thin material and straight sideportions tangential thereto and of relatively thick material, shearingelements in said outer member at the inner sides of spaced relativelysmall perforations in said shearing portion thereof, combined combingand shearing bars spaced in said outer member by slots extending fromsaid relatively thin shearing portion into said relatively thick andtangential portions thereof, a longitudinally reciprocable inner memberhaving a curved shearing portion engaging only said shearing portion ofsaid outer member, shearing elements in said inner movable member spacedby slots extending transversely of said shearing portion thereof anddisposed beneath said perforations and the curved portions of said slotsof said outer member, and fixed bearing means in said outer member forguiding said reeiprocsble inner member longitudinally.

5. In an outer shear member, a shearing portion, extremely shallowlongitudinal channels formed in said outer member in the outer face ofsaid shearing portion thereof, external ribs extending longitudinallytransversely spacing said longitudinal channels, longitudinally spaced,small, hair-receiving perforations formed through the bottom wall ofeach of said longitudinal channels in planes transversely between saidexternal ribs, hair-engaging edges extending longitudinally on saidexternal ribs, and shearing elements on said shearing portion at theinner ends of said hair-receiving perforations.'

6. In a, shaving machine, the combination of a movably mounted innercutter, oppositely and outwardly projecting, spaced, resilient cuttingportions on said inner cutter, a cutter edge on each of said cuttingportions, a perforated cooperating outer shear member, and meanssupporting said inner cutter with said resilient cutting portionsthereof engaging said outer shear member and forced under tensionthereby.

"Z. In a shaving machine, the combination of a movably mounted innercutter member, oppositely and outwardly projecting, spaced, resilientcutting portions on said inner cutter, a cutter edge on each ofsaid'cutting portions, means supporting one side of said spaced cuttingportions, a perforated cooperating outer shear member engaging thecutter edge-carrying ends of said inner cutter member, and means urgingsaid inner cutter member as a whole in the direction of the cutter endsengaging surface of said outer shear member and forcing said resilientcutting portions on said inner cutter under tension against said outershear member.

8. For a shaving machine, an outer shear mem ber provided with anarcuate shearing portion and straight side portions depending fromopposite sides thereof, spaced perforations formed in said shearingportion and providing an arcuate hair-receiving zone, spaced ribsprojecting rearwardly from the inner face of said member and reinforcingsaid shearing portion intermediate the ends of said hair-receiving zoneand reinforcing said stralght side portions of said outer shear member,and rigid means, projecting from and connecting said straight sideportions at opposite longitudinal ends thereof. I

9. For a shaving machine, an outer shear member provided with anextremely thin shearing portion flexed to arcuate form and straight sideportions depending from said shearing portion thereof, spacedperforations formed in said shearing portion and providing an arcuatehairreceiving zone, spaced ribs flexed to arcuate form projectingrearwardly from the inner face of said shearing portion and reinforcingsaid shearing portion intermediate the ends of said hair-receiving zone,straight portions on said spaced ribs reinforcing said straight sideportions of said outer shear member,'and longitudinally spaced memberscarried on said outer shear member at opposite longitudinal ends of saidstraight side,

portions thereof rigidly and transversely conn'ecting said straight sideportions and fixing the shape of said outer shear .member.

10. A shaving machine including a casinghandle, an outer shear membersupported on the casing-handle and having an extremely thin portionflexed to arcuate form .and relatively thick and rigid straight sideportions depending in' downwardly diverging planes from said portionflexed to arcuate form, spaced ribs projecting rearwardly from the innerface of said outer member and reinforcing the arcuate portion on itsinner side, extremely shallow narrow longitudinal channels formed insaid outer member in the outer face of said arcuate portion thereof,narrow external ribs extending longitudinally continuous with andtransversely spacing said longitudinal channels, longitudinally spaced,small hair-receiving perforations formed through the bottom wall of eachof said longitudinal channels in planes transversely between saidexternal ribs and between the planes of said ribs reinforcing saidarcuate portion on its inner side, hairengaging edges on opposite sidesof said external ribs laterally defining the tops of said channels,relatively wide elongated vhair-receiving op nings longitudinally spacedat the upper marginal ends of said relatively thick straight sideportions and registering with portions of elongated hair-receivingopenings extending from the thin arcuate portion of said outer shearmember into said thick straight side portions thereof, protuberantlyprojecting comb teeth provided on transverse bars spacing said elongatedopenings of said relatively thick side portions, shearing elements onsaid outer shear member at the inner sides of said small perforationsand at the inner sides of the upper portions of said elongatedhair-receiving openings, a movably mounted cooperating innercutter-having an arcuate cutting portion engag ing said arcuate portionof said outer shear member. transverse cutter bars longitudinally spacedin said inner cutter by relatively wide rib-receiving and hair-receivingslots, arcuate cutter edges on said cutter bars, and means to actuatethe inner cutter.

11. In a dry shaving head, the combination of an outer member having athin shearing portion of sheet metal flexed to arcuate form andrelatively thicker straight side portions tangential to said shearingportion thereof, shearing elements formed in said outer member byclosely grouped small perforations in a relatively central area of saidshearing portion thereof, shearing bars formed in said shearing portionby spaced slots extending transversely in said outer member inlongitudinal rows on transversely opposite sides of said central areathereof, said slots being longer and wider than said small.perforations, said central area of said outer member including shearingelements formed in said shearing portion by small openings locatedrelatively close to the lateral ends thereof, said straight sideportions of said outer member having their inner ends, adJacent saidshearing portion, protuberantly projecting high enough relatively to theouter surface of said shearin portion to guard the skin of the user bylifting the skin substan-' tially tangentially to the arcuate portion atthe inner ends of said slots, an inner movable member having a curvedshearing portion engaging said shearing portion of said outer member,arcuate shearing elements in said inner movable member spaced by spacedslots extending transversely of said shearing portion thereof anddisposed rearwardly opposite to said shearing portion of said outermember, and skin-guarding means in said outer member depending rearwardly from the lateral ends of said shearing portion and rearwardly ofthe shearing'edges of said inner movable member.

12. In a dry shaving head, the combination of an outer member having athin shearing portion of sheet metal flexed to arcuate form andrelatively thicker straight side portions tangential to said shearingportion thereof, shearing elements formed in said outer member byclosely grouped small perforations in a relatively central area of saidshearing portion thereof, shearing bars formed in said shearing portionby spaced slots extending transversely in said'outer member inlongitudinal rows on transversely opposite sides of said central areathereof, said central area of said outer member including shearingelements of said slots, an inner movable member having a curved shearingportion engaging said shearing portion ofsaid outer member, arcuateshearing elements in said inner movable member spaced by spaced slotsextending transversely of said shearing portion thereof and disposedrearwardly opposite to said shearing portion of said outer member, andskin-guarding means in said outer member depending rearwardly from thelateral ends of said shearing portion and located rearwardly of thelateral edges of said inner movable member.

13. In a dry shaving head, the combination of an outer member having acylindrical segment shearing portion of thin sheet metal and relativelythicker rearwardly flaring straight side portions tangential thereto,said straight side portions-having inner ends protuberantly projecting.relatively to the plane of the outer surface of said shearing portion,shearing elements formed in said outer member by spaced perforations insaid shearing portion thereof, combing and shearing bars formed in saidouter member by spacing slots extending from said shearing portion intosaid tangential portions thereof, a longitudinally reciprocable innermember having an arcuate shearing portion engaging said shearing portionof said outer member and having straight side portions meeting saidarcuate shearing portion of said inner member, and shearing elements insaid inner member spaced by slots extending transversely of saidshearing portion thereof, said slots of said inner member having.

their transversely opposite ends open at said straight side portions ofsaid inner member, and said inner member being disposed with saidarcuate and said. straight side portions thereof respectively oppositesaid segment and said straight side portions of said outer member.

14. In a dry shaving head, the combination of an outer member having acylindrical segment shearing portion of thin sheet metal and relativelythicker rearwardly flaring straight side portions tangential, thereto,shearing elements formed in said outer member by spaced perforations ina relatively central area of said shearing portion thereof, saidperforations being individually of narrow width'in the directionperpendicular to the direction of curvature of said shearing portion,combing and shearing bars spaced in said outer member by s paced slotsextending from said shearing portion into said tangential portionsthereof, said slots being indi vidually of relatively greater width thansaid perforations in the corresponding direction, and said inner memberspaced by slots extending transversely of said shearing portion thereof,said slots of said inner member having their transversely opposite endsopen at said straight side portions ,.of said inner member, and saidinner member being disposed with said arcuate and said straight sideportions thereof respectively opposite said segment and said straightside portions of said outer member.

' 15. In a dry shaving head, the combination of an outer member having acylindrical segment shearing portion of thin sheet metal and relativelythicker rearwardly flaring straight side portions tangential thereto,shearing elements formed in said outer member by spaced perforations ina relatively central area of said shearing portion thereof, saidperforations beingindividually of narrow width in the directionperpendicular to the direction of curvature of said shearing portion,combing and shearing bars spaced in said outer member by spaced slotsextending from said shearing portion into said tangential portionsthereof, said slots being individually of relatively greater width thansaid perforations in the corresponding direction, and said straight sideportions having on their inner ends comb teeth protuberantly projectingupwardly relatively to the arcuate plane of the outer surface of saidsegment for lifting the skin of the user relatively to the adjacentportions of said segment, combing edges on said straight side portionsintermediate the ends of said bars and extending transversely to theaxes of said bars, a longitudinally reciprocable inner member having anarcuate shearing portion engaging said shearing portion of said outermember and having straight side portions meeting said arcuate portion ofsaid inner member, and arcuate shearing bars in said inner member spacedby slots extending transversely of said shearing portion thereof, saidslots of said inner member having their transversely opposite ends openat said straight side portions of said inner member, and said innermember being disposed with said arcuate and said straight side portionsthereof respectively opposite said segment and said straight sideportions of said outer member.

16. In a dry shaving head, the combination of an outer member having acylindrical segment shearing portion of thin sheet metal as its onlyshearing portion and relatively thicker rearwardly depending sideportions, said side portions having their inner ends projectinglaterally upwardly of the arcuate plane of said segment and formingtogether with the curvature of said segment longitudinal grooves at thelateral sides thereof over which the skin of the user may bridge,shearing elements formed in ,said outer member by spaced perforations ina relatively central area of said shearing portion thereof, combing andshearing bars spaced in said outer member by spaced slots extendingtransversely from said shearing portion at the lateral sides of the areaof small perforations into said side portions of said outer member, alongitudinally reciprocable inner member having an arcuate shearingportion engaging said shearing portion of said outer member, andshearing bars in said inner member spaced by slots extending,transversely of said shearing portion thereof and disposed rearwardly ofsaid slots and said perforations of said outer member.

17. In a dry shaving head, the combination of an outer member having acylindrical segment shearing portion of thin sheet metal as its onlyshearing portion and relatively thicker rearwardly depending sideportions, said side portions having comb teeth at their inner ends andhaving the free ends of said teeth projecting laterally upwardly of thearcuate plane of said segment and forming together with the curvature ofsaid segment longitudinal grooves at the lateral sides thereof overwhich the skin of the user may bridge, shearing elements formed in saidouter member by spaced perforations in a relatively central area of saidshearing portion thereof, said central area of said outer memberincluding shearing elementsformed in said shearing portion by smallopenings located relatively close to the longitudinal arcuate endsthereof, shearing bars spaced in said outer member in said shearingportion thereof by spaced slots extending transversely from thelateral'sides of said central area and laterally and rearwardly of saidfree ends of said comb teeth, an inner movable member having an arcuateshearing portion engaging said shearing portion of said outer member,arcuate shearing bars in said inner movable member spaced by spacedslots extending transversely'of said shearing portion thereof anddisposed rearwardly opposite to said shearing portion of said outermember, and skin-guarding means in said outer member dependingrearwardly on the longitudinal arcuate ends of said shearing portionthereof and depending externally of the longitudinal ends of saidshearing portion of said inner member and rearwardly of the shearingedges thereof.

18. In a dryshaving head. the combination of an outer member having acylindrical segment shearing portion of thin sheet metal and relativelythicker rearwardly depending straight side portions, extremely shallowlongitudinal channels formed in said outer member in a relativelycentral area of the outer face of said shearing portion thereof,longitudinally extending narrow external ribs in said outer member insaid central area of said outer face thereof transversely spacing saidchannels, shearing elements formed in said outer member bylongitudinally spaced, small perforations formed through the bottom wallof 'each of said channels in planes transversely between the planes ofsaid external ribs, hair-engaging edges longitudinally extending on saidribs and laterally defining the tops of said channels, combing andshearing bars spaced in said outer member on transversely opposite sidesof an outer member having a cylindrical segment shearing portion of thinsheet metal and relatively thicker rearwardly flaring straight sideportions, shearing elements formed in said outer member by spaced smallperforations in said shearing portion thereof, combing andshearing barsspaced in said outer member by spaced slots extending transversely fromsaid shearing portion into said straight side portions thereof, saidcombing and shearing bars having intermediate their ends protuberantlyprojecting shoulders transversely spacing longitudinal inner and outerexternal grooves in said outer member, said inner external grooves ofsaid member being formed by the laterally upward projection of saidshoulders relative to the arcuate plane of the outer surfaces of theinner portions of said combing and shearing bars, and said outerexternal grooves bein defined at opposite longitudinally extending outerends by inner and outer edges transverse to the axes of said bars, theinner of said edges being on said protuberantly projecting shoulders andbeing combing edges, and the outer of said edges projecting laterally ofsaid combing edges, a

movable inner, member having a shearing portion concentrically arcuatewith the inner face of said shearing portion of said outer member, andarcuate shearing elements in said inner member spaced by slots extendingtransversely of said shearing portion thereof and disposed rearwardlyopposite to said shearing portion of said outer member.

20. In a dry shaving head, the combination of an outer member having acylindrical segment shearing portion of thin sheet metal and relative-1y thicker rearwardly flaring straight side portions, extremely shallowlongitudinal channels formed in said outer member in a relativelycentral area of the outer face of said shearing .portion thereof,longitudinally/extending narrow external ribs in said outer member insaid central area of said outer face thereof transversely spacing saidchannels, shearing elements formed in said outer member by spaced smallperforations formed through the bottom wall of each of said channels inplanes transversely between the planes of said external ribs, said smallperforations being relatively closely spaced longitudinally,hair-engaging edges longitudinally extending on said ribs and laterallydefining the tops of said channels, combing and shearing bars, spacedrelatively more widely longitudinally than said shearing elements,spaced in said outer member on transversely opposite sides of the areaof external ribs by slots extending transversely from said shearingportion of said outer member into said straight side portionsthereof,said slots being relatively more widely spaced longitudinally than saidsmall perforations, said combing and shearing bars having intermediatetheir ends protuberantly projecting shoulders transversely spacinglongitudinal inner and outer external grooves in said outer member, saidinner external grooves of said member being formed by the laterallyupward projection of said shoulders relative to the arcuate plane of theouter surfaces of the inner portions of said combing and shearing bars,and said outer external grooves being defined at opposite longitudinallyextending outer ends by inner and outer edges transverse to the shearingportion concentrically arcuate with and engaging the inner face of saidshearing portion of said outer member, and arcuate shearin 1 ments insaid inner member spaced by slots, extending transversely of saidshearing portion thereof and disposed rearwardly opposite to saidshearing portion of said outer member.

21. In a dry shaving head, the combination of an outer member having acylindrical segment shearing portion of thinsheet metal and relativelythicker rearwardly flaring straight side portions, extremely shallowlongitudinal channels axes of said bars, the inner of said edges beingon a said protuberantly projecting shoulders and being combing edges,and the outer of said edges proiecting laterally of said combing edges,a longitudinally reciprocable inner member having a through the bottomwall formed in said outer in a relatively central area of the outer faceof said shearing portion thereof, longitudinally extending narrowexternal ribs in said outer member in said central area of said outerface thereof transversely spacing said channels, shearing elementsformed in said outer member by spaced small perforations formed of eachof, said channels in planes transversely between the planes of saidexternal ribs, said small perforations being relatively closely spacedlongitudinally and said central area of said outer member includingshearing elements formed in said shearing portion by small openingslocated relatively close to the longitudinal arcuate ends of saidmember, hair-engaging edges longitudinally extending on said ribs andlaterally defining the tops of said channels, combing and shearing bars,spaced relatively more widely longitudinally than said shearingelements, spaced in said outer member on transversely opposite sides ofthe area of external ribs by slots extending transversely from saidshearing portion of said outer member into said straight side portionsthereof, said slots being relatively more widely spaced longitudinallythan said small perforations, said combing and shearing bars havingintermediate their ends protuberantly projecting shoulders transverselyspacing .longitudinal inner and outer external grooves in said outermember, said inner external grooves of said member being formed by thelaterally upward projection of said shoulders relative to the arcuateedges transverse to the axes of said bars, theinner.

of'said edges being on said protuberantly 'projecting shoulders andbeing combing edges, and the outer of said edges projecting laterally ofsaid combing edges, a longitudinally reciprocable inner member having anarcuate shearing portion concentrically curved with and engaging theinner surface of said shearing portion of said outer member, arcuateshearing elements in said reciprocable inner member spaced by spacedslots extending transversely of said shearing portion thereof anddisposed rearwardly opposite to said shearing portion of said outermember, means for guiding said reciprocable inner member longitudinally,and skin-guarding means in said outer member depending rearwardly on thelongitudinal arcuate ends of said cylindrical segment shearing portionthereof and depending externally of the longitudinal ends of saidshearing portion of said wardly flaring straight side portions,longitudinally spaced transverse internal ribs in said outer memberextending from said straight side portions thereof and arcuatelyreinforcing on its inner face and projecting rearwardly from saidshearing portion thereof, shearing elements formed in said outer memberby a plurality of small perforations in a relatively centrallongitudinal area of said shearing portion thereof in planes lateral ofthe planes of said internal ribs, combing and shearing barslongitudinally spaced in said outer member by spaced slots extendingtransversely in said outer member from transversely opposite sides ofsaid shearing portion thereof into said straight side portions thereofand in planes lateral of the planes of said internal ribs, said centrallongitudinal area of said outer member including shearing elementsformed in said shearing portion by small transversely spacedperforations located relatively close to the longitudinal arcuate endsof said outer member, a longitudinally reciprocable inner member havinga shearing portion concentrically arcuate with and engaging the innerface of said shearing portion of said outer member, arcuate shearingelements in said inner member relatively widely spaced by spaced slotsextending transversely of said shearing portion thereof and disposedrearwardly opposite to said shearing portion of said outer member andreceiving said internal ribs of said outer member, and skin-guardingmeans in said outer member depending rearwardly on the longitudinalarcuate ends of said shearing portion thereof and depending externallyof the longitudinal ends of said shearing portion of said reciprocableinner member and rearwardly of the shearing edges thereof.

23. In a dry shaving head, the combination of an outer member having acylindrical segment shearing portion of thin sheet metal and relativelythicker and rigid rearwardly flaring straight side portions, extremelyshallow narrow longitudinal channels formed in said outer member in arelatively central longitudinal area of the outer face of said shearingportion thereof, longitudinally extending narrow external ribs in saidouter member in said central area of said outer face thereoftransversely spacing said channels, hair-engaging edges longitudinallyextending on opposite sides of said ribs and laterally defining the topsof said channels, longitudinally sp ced transverse internal ribs in saidouter member extending from said straight side portions thereof andarcuately reinforcing on its inner face and projecting rearwardly fromsaid shearing portion thereof, shearing elements formed in said outermember by spaced small perforations formed through the bottom wall ofeach of said channels in planes transversely between the planes of saidexternal ribs and longitudinally lateral of the transverse planes ofsaid internal ribs, combing and shearing bars longitudinally spaced insaid outer member by spaced slots extending transversely in said outermember from transversely opposite sides of said shearing portion thereofinto said straight side portions thereof and in planes longitudinallylateral of the planes of said internal ribs, comb teeth in said straightside p01- tions of said outer member constituting the outer faces ofouter portions of said combing and shearing bars and havingshoulder-like ends adj acent to the transverse ends of said segmentshearing portion and projecting laterally upwardly relatively to thearcuate plane of the outer surface of the inner portions of said bars,combing edges in said comb teeth transversely defining thelongitudinally extending outer ends of the inner sides of narrowlongitudinal grooves in the outer faces thereof, edges projectinglaterally of said combing edges at the transversely opposite sides ofsaid grooves in said comb teeth, said segment shearing portion of saidouter member including shearing elements formed therein by smalltransversely spaced perforations located relatively close to thelongitudinal arcuate ends of said outer member, a longitudinallyreciprocable inner member having a shearing portion concentricallyarcuate with and engaging the inner face of said shearing portion ofsaid outer member, arcuate shearing elements in said inner memberrelatively widely spaced by spaced slots extending transversely of saidshearing portion thereof and disposed rearwardly opposite to saidshearing portion of said outer member and receiving said internal ribsof said outer member, means for guiding said reciprocable inner memberlongitudinally, and skinguarding means in said outer member dependingrearwardly on the longitudinal arcuate ends of said segment shearingportion thereof and depending externally of the longitudinal ends ofsaid shearing portion of said reciprocable inner member and rearwardlyof the shearing edges thereof.

JOHN T. SCULLY

